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$date_obj = date_create('2021-01-01 11:22:33');
var_dump($date_obj);

object(DateTime)#1 (3) {
  ["date"]=>
  string(26) "2021-01-01 11:22:33.000000"
  ["timezone_type"]=>
  int(3)
  ["timezone"]=>
  string(3) "UTC"
}

$t = strtotime('July 1st, 2008 4:08:37 pm');
var_dump($t);
echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $t) , PHP_EOL;
echo PHP_EOL;
$t = strtotime('July 1st, 1000 4:08:37 pm');
var_dump($t);

int(1214928517)
2008-07-01 16:08:37
bool(false)

$t = time();
var_dump($t);

$t = strtotime('2038-1-19 3:14:8');
var_dump( date_default_timezone_get() );
echo date(DATE_ATOM, $t), PHP_EOL;
echo PHP_EOL;

date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Tokyo');
var_dump( date_default_timezone_get() );
echo date(DATE_ATOM, $t), PHP_EOL;

string(3) "UTC"
2038-01-01T03:14:08+00:00

string(10) "Asia/Tokyo"
2038-01-01T12:14:08+09:00

var_dump( openssl_get_cipher_methods() );

array(201) {
  [0]=>
  string(11) "AES-128-CBC"
  [1]=>
  string(21) "AES-128-CBC-HMAC-SHA1"
  [2]=>
  string(23) "AES-128-CBC-HMAC-SHA256"
(中略)
  [199]=>
  string(8) "seed-ecb"
  [200]=>
  string(8) "seed-ofb"
}

$method = 'AES-128-CBC';
$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length($method));
$crypt = openssl_encrypt('exam', $method, 'key', 0, $iv);
var_dump( $crypt );

$method = 'AES-128-CBC';
$crypt = openssl_encrypt('exam', $method, 'key', 0);
var_dump( $crypt );

$method = 'AES-128-CBC';
$key = 'key';
$crypt = openssl_encrypt('exam', $method, $key, 0, openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length($method)));
var_dump( $crypt );
$decrypt_string = openssl_decrypt($crypt, $method, $key);
var_dump( $decrypt_string );

$resource = @stream_socket_client(
    'ssl://www.phpexam.jp:443',
    $errno,
    $errstr,
    60,
    STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,
    stream_context_create(['ssl' => ['capture_peer_cert' => true]]),
);
$cont = stream_context_get_params($resource);
$x509 = openssl_x509_parse($cont['options']['ssl']['peer_certificate']);
var_dump($x509);

array(16) {
["name"]=>
string(18) "/CN=www.phpexam.jp"
["subject"]=>
array(1) {
["CN"]=>
string(14) "www.phpexam.jp"
}
["hash"]=>
string(8) "491a204d"
["issuer"]=>
array(3) {
["C"]=>
string(2) "US"
["O"]=>
string(13) "Let's Encrypt"
["CN"]=>
string(2) "R3"
}
["version"]=>
int(2)
(後略)

function func($a, $b) {
    echo __FUNCTION__, PHP_EOL;
    var_dump($a, $b);
    echo PHP_EOL;
}

function func2(&$v) {
    $v[] = 999;
}

class Hoge {
    public function func1($a) {
        echo __METHOD__, PHP_EOL;
        var_dump($a);
        echo PHP_EOL;
    }

    public static function func2($a) {
        echo __METHOD__, PHP_EOL;
        var_dump(get_called_class(), $a);
        echo PHP_EOL;
    }
}

call_user_func('func', 1, 2);
call_user_func_array('func', ['var', 'val']);

$obj = new Hoge();
call_user_func([$obj, 'func1'], 999);
call_user_func([Hoge::class, 'func2'], 'val');

$v = [];
call_user_func('func2', $v);
var_dump($v);

func
int(1)
int(2)

func
string(3) "var"
string(3) "val"

Hoge::func1
int(999)

Hoge::func2
string(4) "Hoge"
string(3) "val"

Warning: func2(): Argument #1 ($v) must be passed by reference, value given in ...
array(0) {
}

class Hoge {
    public static function func() {
        echo __METHOD__, PHP_EOL;
        var_dump(get_called_class());
        echo PHP_EOL;
    }
}

class Foo extends Hoge {
    public static function callMethod() {
        forward_static_call(['Hoge', 'func']);
        echo PHP_EOL;
        call_user_func(['Hoge', 'func']);
    }
}

Foo::callMethod();
forward_static_call(['Hoge', 'func']);

class Hoge {
    public function func() {
    }
}

function foo() {
}

$fn = function($v) {
    var_dump( $v, function_exists($v) );
    echo PHP_EOL;
};

$fn( [Hoge:class, 'func'] );
$fn( 'foo' );
$fn( 'function_exists' );
$fn( 'echo' );
$fn( 'dummy' );

array(2) {
  [0]=>
  string(4) "Hoge"
  [1]=>
  string(4) "func"
}
bool(true)

string(3) "foo"
bool(true)

string(15) "function_exists"
bool(true)

string(4) "echo"
bool(true)

string(5) "dummy"
bool(false)

register_shutdown_function(function() {
    echo "register_shutdown_function 1", PHP_EOL;
});
register_shutdown_function(function($v) {
    echo "register_shutdown_function 2 {$v}", PHP_EOL;
}, 'val');
register_shutdown_function(function() {
    echo "register_shutdown_function 3", PHP_EOL;
    exit;
});
register_shutdown_function(function() {
    echo "register_shutdown_function 4", PHP_EOL;
});

echo "start", PHP_EOL;
exit;

echo 'test', PHP_EOL;
__HALT_COMPILER();
;
dummy data
hoge

echo 'test', PHP_EOL;
__HALT_COMPILER();
;
dummy data;
hoge;

$obj = new Phar('./exam.phar');
$obj->addFile('hoge.php');

require_once('phar://exam.phar/hoge.php');
$obj = new Hoge();
var_dump($obj);

$string = '<>&"\'∞';
echo $string, PHP_EOL;
echo htmlspecialchars($string), PHP_EOL;
echo htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_QUOTES), PHP_EOL;
echo htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES), PHP_EOL;

$string = "\t a b\tc\n";
var_dump( trim($string) );
var_dump( trim($string, "\t\n ac") );

string(5) "a b  c"
string(1) "b"

$s = 'abc';
$ascii = ord($s);
var_dump($ascii);

var_dump( chr($ascii) );

$ascii += 5;
var_dump( chr($ascii) );

int(97)
string(1) "a"
string(1) "

$fn = function($needle) {
    $string = 'abc';

    if ( strpos($string, $needle) != false ) {
        echo "{$needle} が見つかりました", PHP_EOL;
    } else {
        echo "{$needle} は見つかりませんでした", PHP_EOL;
    }
};

$fn('a');
$fn('z');

var_dump( file_get_contents('php://input') );

$csv_string = "1,2,3\n4,5,6\n";

$fp = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
fwrite($fp, $csv_string);
fseek($fp, 0, SEEK_SET);

while($row = fgetcsv($fp)) {
  var_dump($row);
}

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(1) "1"
  [1]=>
  string(1) "2"
  [2]=>
  string(1) "3"
}
array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(1) "4"
  [1]=>
  string(1) "5"
  [2]=>
  string(1) "6"
}

$r = stream_wrapper_register('dummy', 'PhpStreamDummy');
var_dump($r);

class PhpStream {
}

$r = stream_wrapper_register('php', 'PhpStream');
var_dump($r);

$file_name = './exam.txt';
$fp = fopen($file_name, 'r');
var_dump( fgets($fp) );
fclose($fp);

$fp = fopen($file_name, 'r');
$fp2 = stream_filter_prepend($fp, 'convert.iconv.SJIS-win/UTF-8');
var_dump( fgets($fp) );
fclose($fp);

$cmd = 'vmstat 1 1';

echo "exec()\n";
$s = exec($cmd, $output, $return_var);
echo $s, PHP_EOL;

echo PHP_EOL;
echo "shell_exec()\n";
$s = shell_exec($cmd);
echo $s, PHP_EOL;

echo PHP_EOL;
echo "system()\n";
ob_start();
$s = system($cmd, $return_var);
ob_end_clean();
echo $s, PHP_EOL;

exec()
1  0  67236  87052      0 606796    0    0     0     1    1    1  0  0 100  0  0

shell_exec()
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
1  0  67236  86728      0 606796    0    0     0     1    1    1  0  0 100  0  0

system()
1  0  67236  86564      0 606796    0    0     0     1    1    1  0  0 100  0  0

$arguments = 'ab&c "d ef" > \'gh\'';
$e = escapeshellarg($arguments);
echo $e, PHP_EOL;

$e = escapeshellcmd($arguments);
echo $e, PHP_EOL;

var_dump( posix_getpgrp() );
var_dump( posix_getpid() );
var_dump( posix_getppid() );
var_dump( posix_times() );

int(694)
int(694)
int(523)
array(5) {
["ticks"]=>
int(1358853909)
["utime"]=>
int(0)
["stime"]=>
int(0)
["cutime"]=>
int(0)
["cstime"]=>
int(0)
}

var_dump( trim(`nice`) );
proc_nice(10);
var_dump( trim(`nice`) );

posix_kill(posix_getpid(), SIGKILL);
echo 'test', PHP_EOL;

$r = mb_send_mail('php-exam@example.com', '日本語タイトル', 'mail本文');
var_dump($r);

$external_value = "test \r\ninjection_header: hoge"; // 外部からのデータを仮定

// additional_headersの組み立て
$headers = [];
$headers[] = "X-test: test";
$headers[] = "X-test2: {$external_value}";

$r = mail('php-exam@example.com', 'subject', 'mail body', implode("\r\n", $headers));
var_dump($r);

$s = random_bytes(16);
var_dump( bin2hex($s) );
var_dump( base64_encode($s) );

random_int(PHP_INT_MIN, PHP_INT_MAX + 1);